RMA Reform Minister Chris Bishop says the replacement will be passed before the next election. Photo / Mark Mitchell
题图：RMA 改革部长 Chris Bishop 表示，替代者将在下次选举前通过。照片 / Mark Mitchell
The Government has revealed its plans for a permanent replacement for the Resource Management Act, the 1991 law that has, for more than a decade, been a piñata of blame from politicians who accuse it of failing to adequately protect the environment while stifling development.
【澳纽网编译】政府透露了永久取代《资源管理法》的计划，该法于 1991 年颁布，十多年来一直是政客的指责的对象，他们指责该法未能充分保护环境，同时扼杀了发展。
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The RMA has ballooned in size, thanks to more than 18 substantive amendments since 1991. The last Labour Government finally repealed it in 2023, replacing it with two new pieces of legislation.
自 1991 年以来，由于进行了超过 18 次实质性修正案，RMA 的规模不断扩大。上届工党政府最终在 2023 年废除了它，取而代之的是两项新立法。
The coalition Government resurrected the RMA last year and today announced plans to kill it once again and replace it with two new pieces of legislation, which will be focused on allowing people to enjoy property rights. RMA Reform Minister Chris Bishop and Under-Secretary to the Minister Responsible for RMA Reform Simon Court said the replacement would be passed before the next election.
联合政府去年恢复了 RMA，今天宣布计划再次取消它，并用两项新的立法取而代之，这些立法的重点是让人们享有财产权。RMA 改革部长 Chris Bishop 和负责 RMA 改革的部长副秘书 Simon Court 表示，替代法案将在下次选举前通过。
The Government’s replacement is somewhat different to Labour’s scheme of an integrated long-term planning-focused system. The coalition’s idea appears to shift the focus from planning to a more liberal regime. One of the two new laws will focus on managing the environmental effects from activities, while the other will focus on enabling urban development and infrastructure.
政府的替代方案与工党的计划有些不同，工党的计划是一个以长期规划为中心的综合系统。该联盟的想法似乎将重点从规划转移到更自由的政权。这两项新法律中的一项将侧重于管理活动对环境的影响，而另一项将侧重于促进城市发展和基础设施。
Some ideas appear to have survived, however, including the greater use of Beehive-driven national direction, setting out clear nationwide rules on how resources such as freshwater should be managed, the use of spatial planning and reducing the number of plans central and local governments need to join up, by requiring only one regulatory plan per region, jointly prepared by regional and district councils.
然而，一些想法似乎幸存了下来，包括更多地使用 国会驱动的国家方向，就如何管理淡水等资源制定了明确的全国性规则，使用空间规划以及减少中央和地方政府需要联合的计划数量，每个地区只需要一个监管计划。 由区域和区议会联合编制。
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Under the old regime, more than 100 plans needed to be drawn up by councils. Labour’s reforms reduced this to 16.
在旧法下，议会需要制定 100 多项计划。工党的改革将这一数字减少到 16 个。
There are some new ideas too, including potentially creating a planning tribunal to make resolving planning disputes less costly.
也有一些新的想法，包括可能创建一个规划法庭，以降低解决规划争议的成本。
The idea of an environment-focused and development-focused replacement to the RMA has been floated before by the National Party under the leadership of Simon Bridges and RMA reform spokeswoman Judith Collins in 2019 and was confirmed as party policy when Collins became leader in 2020. The model is used in places such as Scotland.
在 Simon Bridges 和 RMA 改革发言人 Judith Collins 的领导下，国家党之前曾于 2019 年提出过以环境和发展为重点取代 RMA 的想法，并在柯林斯于 2020 年成为领导人时被确认为党的政策。该模型在苏格兰等地使用。
Bishop said the RMA had “hindered economic growth and productivity, whilst failing to improve the environment”.
毕晓普说，RMA “阻碍了经济增长和生产力，同时未能改善环境”。
“The RMA consenting system is an active barrier against New Zealand achieving its climate change goals – a recent report by the New Zealand Infrastructure Commission showed that NZ is on track to miss between 11 and 15% of emission reductions from energy and transport by 2050 due to consenting delays.”
“RMA 的许可制度是新西兰实现其气候变化目标的积极障碍——新西兰基础设施委员会最近的一份报告显示，由于许可的延误，到 2050 年，新西兰有望错过 11% 至 15% 的能源和交通减排。”
Bishop split the Government’s RMA reform agenda into three parts. The first was its fast-track regime, currently working its way through Parliament; the second is several “quick fixes” to the existing RMA as an interim measure; while phase three is working out a permanent replacement.
Bishop 将政府的 RMA 改革议程分为三个部分。首先是其快速通道制度，目前正在议会中审议;第二个是作为临时措施对现有 RMA 的几个“快速修复”;而第三阶段正在制定永久替代方案。
Key aspects of the new system will go to the Cabinet for agreement before the end of this year and legislation will be introduced and passed before the next election.
新系统的关键方面将在今年年底前提交内阁达成一致，并将在下次选举前引入和通过立法。
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Court said property rights would be “at the centre” of the new regime.
法院表示，财产权将成为新制度的“中心”。
“Rules should only restrict activity with material spillover effects on other people’s enjoyment of their own property, or on the property rights of the wider natural environment that sustains us.”
“规则只应限制对其他人享受自己的财产或维持我们的更广泛自然环境的财产权产生重大溢出效应的活动。”
The rest of the details of the proposal are yet to be worked out. The Cabinet has appointed an advisory group to work with the Ministry for the Environment on the reforms and given the group 10 guiding principles to consider. The Cabinet is expected to make further decisions later this year on the shape of reforms.
该提案的其余细节尚未确定。内阁已任命一个咨询小组与环境部合作进行改革，并为此小组提供了 10 项指导原则供考虑。预计内阁将在今年晚些时候就改革的形式做出进一步决定。
The guiding principles for the new law are:
新法律的指导原则是：
- Narrow the scope of the resource management system to focus on managing actual effects on the environment.
缩小资源管理系统的范围，专注于管理对环境的实际影响。 - Establish two acts with clear and distinct purposes – one to manage environmental effects arising from activities, and another to enable urban development and infrastructure.
制定两项具有明确和明确目标的法案——一项是管理活动产生的环境影响，另一项是促进城市发展和基础设施。 - Strengthen and clarify the role of environmental limits and how they are to be developed.
加强和阐明环境限制的作用以及如何制定它们。 - Provide for greater use of national standards to reduce the need for resource consents and simplify council plans. This would mean that an activity which complies with the standards cannot be subject to a consent requirement.
规定更多地使用国家标准，以减少对资源许可的需求并简化议会计划。这意味着符合标准的活动不受同意要求的约束。 - Shift the focus away from consenting before activities can get underway, and towards compliance, monitoring and enforcement of activities’ compliance with national standards.
将重点从活动开始前的同意转移到遵守、监测和执行活动是否符合国家标准上。 - Use spatial planning and a simplified designation process to lower the cost of future infrastructure.
使用空间规划和简化的指定流程来降低未来基础设施的成本。 - Realise efficiencies by requiring one regulatory plan per region, jointly prepared by regional and district councils.
通过要求每个地区制定一个由地区和区议会联合制定的监管计划来提高效率。 - Provide for a rapid, low-cost resolution of disputes between neighbours and between property owners and councils, with the potential for a new Planning Tribunal (or equivalent).
为邻里之间以及业主与议会之间的纠纷提供快速、低成本的解决方案，并有可能建立新的规划法庭（或同等法庭）。 - Uphold Treaty of Waitangi settlements and the Crown’s obligations.
维护怀唐伊定居点条约和政府的义务。 - Provide faster and cheaper processes with less reliance on litigation, contained within shorter and simpler legislation that is more accessible.
提供更快、更便宜的流程，减少对诉讼的依赖，包含在更短、更简单、更容易获得的立法中。
来源：NZ Herald
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