题图：目前爆发的猴痘疫情已造成数百人死亡
The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the mpox outbreak in parts of Africa a public health emergency of international concern.
【澳纽网编译】世界卫生组织（WHO）已宣布非洲部分地区的猴痘疫情为国际关注的突发公共卫生事件。
The highly contagious disease – formerly known as monkeypox – has killed at least 450 people during an initial outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
这种高度传染性的疾病——以前称为猴痘——在刚果民主共和国最初爆发期间已造成至少450人死亡。
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It has now spread across parts of central and east Africa, and scientists are concerned about how fast a new variant of the disease is spreading and its high fatality rate.
它现在已经蔓延到中非和东非的部分地区，科学家们担心这种疾病的新变种传播速度有多快，死亡率很高。
WHO chief Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said the potential for further spread within Africa and beyond “is very worrying”.
世卫组织总干事谭德塞表示，在非洲及其他地区进一步传播的可能性“非常令人担忧”。
“A co-ordinated international response is essential to stop this outbreak and save lives,” he said.
他说：“协调一致的国际应对措施对于阻止这次疫情和挽救生命至关重要。
Mpox is transmitted through close contact, such as sex, skin-to-skin contact and talking or breathing close to another person.
猴痘是通过密切接触传播的，例如性行为、皮肤接触以及与他人近距离交谈或呼吸。
It causes flu-like symptoms, skin lesions and can be fatal, with four in 100 cases leading to death.
它会引起类似流感的症状、皮肤病变，并可能致命，每 100 例病例中就有 4 例导致死亡。
There are two main types of mpox – Clade 1 and Clade 2.
猴痘有两种主要类型 – 分支 1 和分支 2。
A previous mpox public health emergency, declared in 2022, was caused by the relatively mild Clade 2. However, this time it is the far more deadly Clade 1 – which has killed up to 10% of those getting sick in previous outbreaks – that is surging.
2022 年宣布的上一次猴痘突发公共卫生事件是由相对温和的进化枝 2 引起的。然而，这一次，更致命的进化枝1 – 在以前的爆发中已经杀死了高达10%的患病者 – 正在激增。
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There was a change in the virus around September last year. Mutations led to an offshoot – called Clade 1b – that has since spread rapidly. This new variant has been labelled “the most dangerous yet” by one scientist.
去年9月左右，病毒发生了变化。突变导致了一个分支 – 称为分支1b – 此后迅速传播。 这种新变种被一位科学家称为“迄今为止最危险的”。
Since the start of the year, there have been more than 13,700 cases of mpox in the DR Congo, with at least 450 deaths.
自今年年初以来，刚果民主共和国已有超过13,700例猴痘病例，至少有450人死亡。
It has since been detected in other African countries – including Burundi, the Central African Republic, Kenya and Rwanda.
此后，在包括布隆迪、中非共和国、肯尼亚和卢旺达在内的其他非洲国家也发现了这种病毒。
It is hoped the declaration of mpox as a public health emergency will lead to research, funding, and the introduction of other international public health measures being accelerated.
希望宣布猴痘为突发公共卫生事件将导致研究、资金和引入其他国际公共卫生措施的加速。
Dr Josie Golding, from the Wellcome Trust, said it was a “strong signal”, while Emory University’s Dr Boghuma Titanji said the move “underscores the gravity of the crisis”.
来自Wellcome Trust的Josie Golding博士表示，这是一个“强烈的信号”，而埃默里大学的Boghuma Titanji博士表示，此举“凸显了危机的严重性”。
Prof Trudie Lang, the director of the Global Health Network at the University of Oxford, said it was “important and timely”, but added that the emergence of a new strain meant there were “many unknowns that need to be addressed”.
牛津大学（University of Oxford）全球健康网络（Global Health Network）主任特鲁迪·朗（Trudie Lang）教授表示，这是“重要且及时的”，但他补充说，新菌株的出现意味着“有许多未知数需要解决”。
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In July 2022 the milder Clade 2 strain of mpox spread to nearly 100 countries, including some in Europe and Asia.
2022 年 7 月，较温和的 Clade 2 猴痘菌株传播到近 100 个国家，包括欧洲和亚洲的一些国家。
It spread rapidly, and there were more than 87,000 cases and 140 deaths reported during that outbreak, according to a WHO count.
根据世卫组织的统计，它迅速传播，在那次疫情期间报告了超过87,000例病例和140例死亡。
Although anyone can catch monkeypox, the outbreak was largely concentrated among men who had sex with men.
虽然任何人都可能感染猴痘，但疫情主要集中在男男性行为者中。
That outbreak was brought under control by vaccinating vulnerable groups.
通过为弱势群体接种疫苗，疫情得到了控制。
On Tuesday, scientists from the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention declared a public health emergency.
周二，非洲疾病控制和预防中心的科学家宣布进入公共卫生紧急状态。
The head of the organisation, Jean Kaseya, warned that this current outbreak could spiral out of control if immediate steps were not taken to contain it.
该组织负责人让·卡塞亚（Jean Kaseya）警告说，如果不立即采取措施控制疫情，目前的疫情可能会失控。
“We must be proactive and aggressive in our efforts to contain and eliminate this threat,” he said.
“我们必须积极主动地努力遏制和消除这一威胁，”他说。
来源：BBC
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