Black asphalt road in the field in the winter. Photo: 123RF
冬天田野里的黑色柏油路。照片：123RF
Treacherous driving conditions come with the territory at this time of the year, especially in certain regions like the Central North Island and Central Otago where “black ice” is a looming threat.
【澳纽网编译】每年的这个时候，该地区都会面临危险的驾驶条件，尤其是在北岛中部和奥塔哥中部等某些地区，那里的“黑冰”是一个迫在眉睫的威胁。
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The problem with black ice is that it’s especially dangerous because it’s a type of ice you can’t see.
黑冰的问题在于它特别危险，因为它是一种你看不见的冰。
It’s been reported as the cause of two separate, single-bus crashes that happened 100 metres apart near Tekapo on Thursday.
据报道，这是周四在特卡波附近相距100米的两起独立的单辆巴士翻车事故的原因。
Free Line Coach Ltd manager Ryan Qiao said three of their buses had been travelling in a convoy for a large group of children, adults and three teachers from China, who had attended the World Choir Games in Auckland last week.
Free Line Coach Ltd经理Ryan Qiao表示，他们的三辆巴士组成车队，载有一大群来自中国的儿童、成人和三名教师，他们上周参加了在奥克兰举行的世界合唱比赛。
He said the drivers were experienced, but the road “was really bad” with black ice.
他说，司机们经验丰富，但道路“非常糟糕”，有黑冰。
It left one person in a serious condition, with two others sustaining moderate injuries.
事故使一人伤势严重，另外两人受了中度伤害。
Black ice is “black” because it’s transparent and the road surface shows through.
黑冰之所以是“黑色”的，是因为它是透明的，路面会露出来。
Meanwhile, ice looks white because there are air bubbles and swirls trapped inside.
而冰看起来是白色的，因为里面有气泡和漩涡。
Sub-zero conditions, melting snow, fog, gentle rain and even condensation from vehicle exhausts can help black ice to form.
零度以下的条件、融化的雪、雾、微细的雨，甚至汽车尾气的冷凝水都有助于形成黑冰。
It’s most often in calm conditions with little wind.
它通常是在风小的平静条件下形成的。
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On a sunny but freezing day, like can be common in Central Otago, heat can melt away the white stuff but what’s left refreezes overnight into black ice.
在阳光明媚但寒冷的日子里，就像在奥塔哥中部很常见一样，热量可以融化白色的东西，但剩下的东西会在一夜之间重新冻结成黑冰。
A bus crash involved tourists on State Highway 8 in the Mackenzie District on 18 July, 2024. Photo: Supplied / Grace Duggin
2024 年 7 月 18 日，在麦肯齐区 8 号国道上，一辆巴士翻车事故涉及游客。照片：提供 / Grace Duggin
Because it starts as a watery surface, black ice is hard to spot because it’s extremely thin. It might look like a harmless puddle.
因为它开始时是水表面，也非常薄，所以人们很难发现黑冰。它可能看起来像一个无害的水坑。
For that reason, people need to be especially aware of wet-looking patches of road on an otherwise-fine day, especially if they are in an area that doesn’t look like it gets much sun.
出于这个原因，人们需要特别注意在其他晴朗的日子里看起来潮湿的道路，特别是如果他们在一个看起来阳光不足的地区。
Bridges are more susceptible to ice of any kind, because cold air can circulate above and below, and there’s not as much insulation underneath to stabilise the temperature.
桥梁更容易受到任何种类的冰的影响，因为冷空气可以在上方和下方循环，而下面没有那么多的绝缘层来稳定温度。
Black ice can hang around much longer on rural roads, because the warmth and friction of traffic wears it away.
黑冰可以在乡村道路上停留更长时间，因为交通的温暖和摩擦会磨损它。
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What should I do if I hit black ice?
撞到黑冰怎么办？
A car can really only do three things: accelerate, steer and brake.
汽车实际上只能做三件事：加速、转向和刹车。
If you’re driving on ice and/or snow with very little traction, the key is to only do one of those things at a time.
如果您在冰面和/或雪地上行驶，牵引力很小，关键是一次只做其中一件事情。
But the problem with black ice is that by the time you’ve hit it, panic might have already taken over.
但黑冰的问题在于，当你击中它时，恐慌可能已经占据了上风。
The difference between white ice and black ice is that the former is more likely to be sustained. This means you’ll be aware you’re driving on it, it’ll go on for a long distance, and you can modify your driving style to suit.
白冰和黑冰的区别在于，前者更有可能被维持。这意味着你会意识到你正在它上面行驶，它会持续很长的距离，你可以根据自己的方式修改你的驾驶风格。
With black ice, there will be a clear beginning and a clear end – more than likely after a few metres.
对于黑冰，将有一个明确的开始和一个明确的结束 – 很可能在几米之后。
So if you hit black ice and lose control, don’t panic and try to fight your way back – because you won’t be able to. Your car will have virtually no grip or traction.
因此，如果您撞上黑冰并失去控制，千万不要惊慌失措，试图挣扎着返回–因为您根本无法做到。您的汽车几乎没有抓地力或牵引力。
It’s best to remain calm, try and keep the steering wheel at the straight-ahead, and wait for the black slippery stuff to pass.
最好的办法是保持冷静，努力将方向盘保持在直行状态，等待黑色的湿滑物过去。
来源： Stuff
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