（双语）全球禁烟快速指南 A quick guide to smoking bans across the world

New Zealand plans to scrap its landmark smoking ban for young generations. This policy was thought to have inspired Prime Minister Rishi Sunak to introduce similar smoking restrictions in the UK.
【澳纽网】援引BBC报道，新西兰计划废除其具有里程碑意义的年轻一代禁烟令。这项政策被认为激发了英国首相里希·苏纳克（Rishi Sunak）在英国实施类似的吸烟限制。

While New Zealand’s U-turn may lead to a set back for anti-smoking campaigns globally, there are still several countries getting ever tougher on tobacco. Here’s what you need to know about global efforts to quit smoking.
虽然新西兰的掉头可能导致全球反吸烟运动的倒退，但仍有一些国家对烟草越来越严厉。以下是您需要了解的有关全球戒烟努力的信息。

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Under the UK government’s proposed legislation, anyone aged 14 or under will never be able to legally buy cigarettes or any other tobacco product. The idea is to prevent future generations from smoking, as nine in 10 people say they started the habit before the age of 21, according to data from Cancer Research. The proposed law will not criminalise the act of buying tobacco and won’t prevent anyone currently older than 14 from being sold tobacco in future.
根据英国政府拟议的立法，任何14岁或以下的人都无法合法购买香烟或任何其他烟草制品。这个想法是为了防止子孙后代吸烟，因为根据癌症研究的数据，十分之九的人说他们在 21 岁之前就开始吸烟。拟议的法律不会将购买烟草的行为定为刑事犯罪，也不会阻止目前超过14岁的任何人将来购买烟草。

New Zealand’s previous government wanted to have a sweeping crackdown on smoking, passing a law which meant anyone born after 2008 would not be able to buy cigarettes or tobacco products in their lifetime. They also restricted where tobacco could be sold and reduced the level of nicotine (the addictive drug) in cigarettes. But, the new government (voted in from October 2023) are moving to repeal the law, saying it would help fund tax cuts.
新西兰上届政府希望对吸烟进行全面打击，通过了一项法律，这意味着2008年之后出生的任何人都无法在其一生中购买香烟或烟草制品。他们还限制了烟草的销售地点，并降低了香烟中尼古丁（成瘾药物）的含量。但是，新政府（从 2023 年 10 月开始投票）正在采取行动废除该法律，称这将有助于为减税提供资金。

Mexico has some of the strictest anti-smoking laws in the world, including smoking bans at beaches, parks and in some cases private homes. Portugal aims to have a “smoke-free generation” by 2040, and wants to pass a law that would stop bars, cafes and petrol stations from selling tobacco products. Canada is hoping to reduce tobacco use to less than 5% by 2035 and earlier this year, became the first country to rule that health warnings should be printed on individual cigarettes.
墨西哥拥有世界上最严格的禁烟法，包括在海滩、公园和在某些情况下的私人住宅中禁止吸烟。葡萄牙的目标是到2040年实现“无烟一代”，并希望通过一项法律，阻止酒吧、咖啡馆和加油站销售烟草制品。加拿大希望到2035年将烟草使用率降低到5%以下，今年早些时候，加拿大成为第一个规定在个人香烟上印有健康警告的国家。

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According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), over one quarter of the world’s population are covered by complete smoking bans in public places, workplaces and public transport. In 2007, just 10 countries had “smoke-free policies”. Today, it is 74. Ireland was the first country in the world to ban smoking in all indoor workplaces in 2004, including restaurants and bars.
根据世界卫生组织 （WHO） 的数据，世界上超过四分之一的人口在公共场所、工作场所和公共交通工具上完全禁烟。2007年，只有10个国家制定了“无烟政策”。今天，已经 有74 国家了。2004年，爱尔兰是世界上第一个禁止在所有室内工作场所包括餐馆和酒吧吸烟的国家。

In 2006, Uruguay became the first country in the region to adopt a “100% smoke-free national policy,” says WHO. Measures included a ban on smoking in all enclosed public places and restrictions in some outdoor areas such as near hospitals and schools. In 2020, Paraguay became the last country in the region to pass national laws to create “smoke-free environments” – meaning its citizens can only use tobacco products in specific uncrowded open air spaces.
世卫组织表示，2006年，乌拉圭成为该地区第一个采取“100%无烟国家政策”的国家。措施包括禁止在所有封闭的公共场所吸烟，以及在医院和学校附近的一些户外区域限制吸烟。2020年，巴拉圭成为该地区最后一个通过国家法律创造“无烟环境”的国家，这意味着其公民只能在特定的不拥挤的露天空间使用烟草制品。

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