【澳纽网编译】新西兰政府已宣布将对俄罗斯实施新的“重大”制裁，包括对入侵乌克兰负责或与之相关的寡头、个人和公司。
现在进入俄罗斯袭击的第 12 天，超过 150 万人被迫逃离乌克兰，联合国称之为“欧洲自二战以来增长最快的难民危机”。
内阁今天开会审议专门针对乌克兰冲突起草的俄罗斯制裁法案。
总理杰辛达·阿德恩（Jacinda Ardern）刚刚宣布了这项立法，她说这将是对俄罗斯政府的首个此类、有针对性的自主制裁制度。
阿德恩说，俄罗斯制裁法案将于本周紧急通过，以对俄罗斯实施进一步、广泛的制裁，以应对俄罗斯入侵乌克兰。
“这种性质的法案从未提交给我们的国会，但随着俄罗斯否决联合国的制裁，我们必须采取行动支持乌克兰和我们的合作伙伴反对这次入侵，”阿德恩说。
“当我们第一次通过发布有针对性的旅行禁令、禁止向军方出口和暂停双边外交部磋商来应对俄罗斯的入侵时，我们表示没有任何选择。
“今天，我们根据合作伙伴的行动采取了下一步行动，加大制裁力度。
“该法案专门针对俄罗斯入侵乌克兰，将允许在外交部长批准的情况下实施新的制裁。”
总理补充说，新西兰明确反对俄罗斯对乌克兰的军事攻击。
阿德恩表示，俄罗斯在新西兰的投资金额仅为4000万美元左右，政府听取了有关可用“最快杠杆”的建议。
“但这不仅仅是这里已经投资的东西，还有可能在这里投资的东西。”
第一批制裁将相对简单，例如旅行禁令延期和银行限制。
阿德恩说，第二阶段的启动需要更长的时间，这将涉及确定更多应该成为目标的人。
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制裁可以针对与俄罗斯境内负责入侵或与入侵相关的人员、服务、公司和资产，或与俄罗斯经济或战略相关的人员、服务、公司和资产，包括寡头。
“将建立一个公共制裁登记册，列出每一个受到制裁的个人、实体、资产或服务，”阿德恩说。
“制裁将使政府能够冻结位于新西兰的资产。也将阻止那些被制裁的人将资产转移到新西兰或利用我们的金融系统作为后门来规避其他国家越来越多的制裁。
“制裁也可能适用于贸易和金融机构，以及阻止俄罗斯超级游艇、船只和飞机进入新西兰水域或领空。
“该法案还允许对参与俄罗斯非法行动的其他国家实施制裁，例如白俄罗斯。”
总理表示，新法案将创建一个框架，在合理的情况下调整或扩大制裁。
“我们是最早开展人道主义援助的国家之一。现在我们正在改变我们的法律，”阿德恩补充说。
当被问及是否有任何俄罗斯寡头已经居住在新西兰时，阿德恩不会确认或排除是否有任何此类人可能成为目标。
外交部长娜娜亚·马胡塔（ Nanaia Mahuta） 表示，现在说在新西兰的俄罗斯人是否“在我们之外”还为时过早。
她说，她仍然希望俄罗斯能够缓和其在乌克兰的行动。
关于制裁是否可以针对印度和中国以及其他可能在战争中支持俄罗斯的个人或实体，马胡塔表示，框架范围很广。
阿德恩对俄罗斯人民表示悲伤，并表示制裁应该影响俄罗斯的“决策者”。
马胡塔说，俄罗斯大使已经被召来，但俄罗斯有新西兰人需要领事支持，因此任何驱逐大使的举动都必须谨慎考虑。
马胡塔说，作为一个小国和维护和平与安全的多边体系的支持者，新西兰历来支持通过联合国系统实施制裁。
“然而，由于俄罗斯使用其作为联合国安理会常任理事国的否决权来阻止任何行动，即使面对对俄罗斯战争的压倒性反对，新西兰已决定需要一项有针对性的制裁法案，以表明我们有最强的可能条款。
阿德恩说，新西兰近年来一直试图在相关问题上与联合国合作。
“最终，如果我们有一个功能更强大的安理会，我们一开始就不会陷入这种情况，”总理补充说。
阿德恩表示，在乌克兰危机中，多边体系已经失败。
她还表示，对个人的制裁可能会有所不同。
“例如，您可以针对他们的超级游艇，而不是针对企业，如果您愿意的话”。
马胡塔说，国会中的所有政党都参与了这项立法的制定。
她说，政府继续就完全自主的制裁制度征求意见。
政府还提供了 200 万纽币的人道主义援助，优先申请签证，并释放了一些紧急石油库存，以帮助稳定动荡的石油市场。
到目前为止，新西兰已禁止与俄罗斯军方有关的出口，对某些个人实施旅行禁令并提供人道主义援助。
然而，由于缺乏自主的制裁制度，它无法实施更广泛的经济制裁，因此受到了全球的审查。
目前，制裁以联合国决议为指导，但俄罗斯作为安理会常任理事国拥有否决权。
NZ allows for significant expansion of sanctions on Russia
Statement from the Government:
First of its kind legislation to enable further sanctions on those responsible for or associated with Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, including people, services, companies, and assets
Targeting those economically or strategically important to Russia, including oligarchs
Sanctions able to extend to those supporting Russian invasion, like Belarus
Ability to:
Freeze assets in NZ
Prevent people and companies from moving their money and assets to NZ to escape sanctions imposed by other countries
Stop super yachts, ships and aircraft from entering NZ waters or airspace
Travel ban list of over 100 individuals published today
The Government will significantly expand its sanctions on Russia and individuals and companies connected to the Russian Government through a first of its kind, targeted, autonomous sanctions regime.
The Russia Sanctions Bill will pass under urgency this week, to provide further, extensive sanctions on Russia in response to the invasion of Ukraine.
“A Bill of this nature has never been brought before our Parliament, but with Russia vetoing UN sanctions we must act ourselves to support Ukraine and our partners in opposition to this invasion,” Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern said.
“When we first responded to Russia’s invasion by issuing targeted travel bans, prohibiting exports to the military and suspending bilateral foreign ministry consultations we said no options were off the table.
“Today we take the next step in our response to increase sanctions, in line with the actions of our partners.
“This Bill is specific to the Russian invasion of Ukraine and will allow new sanctions to be applied as approved by the Foreign Minister.
“Those sanctions can be imposed on people, services, companies, and assets related to those in Russia who are responsible for or associated with the invasion, or that are of economic or strategic relevance to Russia, including oligarchs.
“A public sanctions register will be set up to list every individual, entity, asset, or service that is sanctioned.
“The sanctions will enable the Government to freeze assets located in New Zealand. Those sanctioned will also be prevented from moving assets to New Zealand or using our financial system as a back door to get around sanctions increasingly imposed by other countries.
“Sanctions could also apply to trade, and financial institutions as well as stopping the likes of Russian super yachts, ships and aircraft from entering New Zealand waters or airspace.
“The Bill also allows for sanctions to be imposed against other states complicit with Russia’s illegal actions, such as Belarus,” Jacinda Ardern said.
Foreign Minister Nanaia Mahuta said as a small country that is a supporter of the multilateral system to uphold peace and security New Zealand has historically supported sanctions through the United Nations system.
“However with Russia using its veto as a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council to prevent any action, even in the face of overwhelming opposition to Russia’s war, New Zealand has decided that a targeted sanctions bill is required to show our condemnation in the strongest possible terms.
“New Zealand continues to call on Russia to do what is right and immediately cease military operations in Ukraine and permanently withdraw to avoid a catastrophic loss of innocent life.
“The Government welcomed the feedback from all parties in Parliament in the development of this legislation, and the cross-party support of the Bill allowing it to pass under urgency,” Nanaia Mahuta said.
The Government continues to seek advice on a full autonomous sanctions regime.
The Government has also provided an initial $2m in humanitarian aid, prioritised visa applications and released some emergency oil stocks to help stabilise shaky oil markets.
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