新西兰帆船历史上绝无仅有的两艘国宝级豪华帆船: 新西兰雄狮号(Lion New Zealand)和斯坦纳格二号(Steinlager2)

 前  言

携舟网黄伟雄为你揭秘新西兰国宝：新西兰帆船历史上绝无仅有、造价1600万新元、环球大赛冠军帆船——-“雄狮”（Lion New Zealand与“斯坦纳格二号2号”(Steinlager2)。
走进真实的新西兰，感受“千帆之都”的魅力。了解新西兰首位美洲杯夺冠者的励志故事，探索新西兰（帆船产业）创新发展之路。”

简  介

新西兰携舟网(www.shareboating.com)旗下新西兰帆船历史上绝无仅有的两艘国宝级豪华帆船: 新西兰雄狮号(Lion New Zealand)和斯坦纳格二号(Steinlager2).  笔者作为新西兰顶级游艇会历史上首位华裔执行董事和后卫指挥官（Rear Commodore )及这俩艘国宝级官方形象大使，就自己的理解和多年相关工作体会,在此介绍其世界航海传奇。

这两艘世界顶级一流帆船主创和主人彼得·布莱克爵士(Sir Peter Blake)曾为新西兰赢得历史上首次美洲杯赛(America's Cup)冠军，每艘船造价约$1600万新西兰元（约合8000万人民币）. 布莱克爵士驾驶着这两艘豪华帆船赢得环球大赛冠军，它们是全世界独一无二的新西兰国宝与传奇。

彼得·布莱克爵士是新西兰的一名国际顶尖帆船手运，他分别于1985/1986年间和1989/1990年间驾驶这两艘豪华帆船分别夺得世界上最重要的帆船环球航行大赛Whitbread(惠特布莱德环球赛)亚军和冠军。在1994年，他作为新西兰国家帆船队船长，创下了世界上最快环球航行记录。作为新西兰国家帆船队队长，他连续二次率队夺取帆船体育运动历史最悠久的美洲杯帆船大赛冠军(1995年在美国圣地亚哥夺冠，2000年在奥克兰卫冕)，这是全球至今为止唯一一个非美国人所赢得的辉煌成就。正是因布莱克爵士赢得美洲杯大赛，才有了在新西兰奥克兰主办的2000年美洲杯大赛以及选手村的建设，继而也才有今天世界级的奥克兰滨海新区总体规划和全新发展风貌。

很不幸，2001年12月5日，布莱克爵士受联合国海洋环境组织委托在亚马逊河调研、探险时，被武装海盗半夜上船开枪杀害，终年53岁。

布莱克因在国际帆船运动和环保的杰出贡献而于1983年获得MBE(大英帝国勋章)，1991年获得OBE(大英帝国勋章军官)。1995年，他因为游艇服务卓越成就而获封为爵士。在此期间，他还获得了许多其他奖项和荣誉，包括1982年和1990年的新西兰年度最佳帆船手，1994年被授予年度世界水手奖。他于1999年获得梅西大学和奥克兰理工大学的荣誉博士学位。

走进真实的新西兰，体验被誉为“千帆之都”奥克兰的魅力。“新西兰雄狮号”和“斯坦纳格二号”这两首顶级豪华帆船在携舟网CEO 黄伟雄团队的通力协调下，正式走向“寻常百姓家”，可通过携舟网上网查询预订（www.shareboating.com),可为个人、公司、团体提供全世界独一无二的世界顶级帆船海上私人定制(公司包船、生日派对、团队建设、港口巡游、美洲杯观赛)航行体验。参与者亦可从中感受其精神魅力、绿色环保精神和励志。

Sir Peter James Blake KBE (1 October 1948 – 5 December 2001) was a New Zealand yachtsman who won the 1989–1990 Whitbread Round the World Race, held the Jules Verne Trophy from 1994 to 1997 by setting the fastest time around the world as co-skipper of ENZA New Zealand, and led his country to successive victories in the America's Cup. He led two successful America's Cup campaigns as syndicate head, winning the Cup in San Diego in 1995 and defending it in 2000 in Auckland (the first non-American team to do so). For the 2000 regatta, Blake's vision and determination for an America's Cup village of yachts and superyachts resulted in the development of Viaduct Basin on the edge of Auckland Harbour.

Blake was shot and killed by pirates while monitoring environment change on the Amazon River on 5 December 2001. He was 53 years old.

Blake was made an MBE in 1983 and an OBE in 1991. He was knighted in 1995 for services to yachting. He received many other awards and accolades throughout this period, including New Zealand Yachtsman of the Year in 1982 and 1990. Later he was awarded World Sailor of the Year in 1994. Blake was New Zealand Sportsman of the Year in 1990, and again with Team New Zealand in 1995. He received honorary doctorates from Massey University in 1999 and Auckland University of Technology in 2000.

新西兰雄狮号(LION NEW ZEALAND)

历史背景简介

为了建造这艘用于1985/1986年度惠特布莱德环球赛的帆船，彼得·布莱克爵士有一个非常具体的构思。在经过与一些新西兰顶级游艇设计师讨论之后，这项设计的实施被授予了在爱尔兰的新西兰人罗恩霍兰德。

这艘帆船必须符合以下基本准则：

31吨实际排水量（轻且坚固）

•必须适应迎风航行

•当在两帆状态航行时船速必须非常快

•必须在大三角帆上升的情况下完全控制顺风航行

•必须是桅杆钻机

结果是最好的国际远洋竞赛之一。史上最大的单桅帆船。

    新西兰雄狮号于1983年开始建造，下水日期定为1984年11月。这是为了配合从悉尼到霍巴特比赛，这也是对这艘帆船的第一个真正的考验。

不幸的是，在完工时新西兰雄狮号船重比原设计稿超重了8吨。更糟糕的是，所有的超重都是在船体和配件这些错误的地方。很明显，在船体较轻的情况下，额外增加的重量会使帆船减速。

新西兰雄狮号的第一次比赛（1984年悉尼到霍巴特的比赛）是一次真正的考验。经过三天角逐，新西兰雄狮号以总计时11小时31分21秒越过终点，夺得此次比赛第一名。通过此次首航比赛，新西兰雄狮号验证了自己的实力，并获得了“城市突击车”的绰号。

在惠特布莱德环球赛中，新西兰雄狮号帆船队也勇夺第二名，值得称赞。

Sir Peter Blake had a very specific idea of the boat that he wanted to build for the 1985/86 Whitbread around the World Race.  After discussions with a number of top New Zealand yacht designers the design was awarded to New Zealander Ron Holland, based in Ireland.

The boat had to have the following criteria:
31tons actual displacement weight (light but stiff)

•      It needed to excel to windward

•      It had to be very fast when reaching under two sails

•      It had to be fully controllable downwind with a spinnaker up

•      It had to be a masthead rig

The result was one of the finest International Ocean Racing (I.O.R). maxi sloops ever built.

Construction of Lion NZ began in 1983, with a launch date set for November 1984. This was to coincide with the Sydney to Hobart Race beginning on Boxing Day - her first real test.

Unfortunately, on completion Lion NZ came in 8 tons heavier that the original design draft and to make matters worse all the weight was in the wrong places, her hull and fittings.  It became apparent that the extra weight was going to slow the boat down in lighter conditions.
Lion's first race - the 1984 Sydney to Hobart Race - was a true test. After 3 days, 11 hours, 31 minutes, 21 seconds Lion NZ crossed the finish Lion in First Place.  She had proven her strength and gained the nickname, "The Urban Assault Vehicle".

Lion NZ went on to finish a commendable 2nd Place in the Whitbread Around the World Race.

NZ SAILING HEROES - THE LION NZ CREW

Andrew Taylor - Aran Hansen - Bob Graham - Cole Sheehan - Ed Danby - Fraser Maxwell - Glen Sowry - Godfrey Cray - Graeme Handley - Grant Dalton - Grant Spanhake - Kevin Shoebridge - Martin Ford - Mike Quilter - Paul MacDonald - Paul von Zalinski - Peter Blake - Ralph Lucas - Ross Guiniven - Roy Mason - Simon Gundry - Tony Rae

斯坦纳格二号(Steinlager 2)

历史背景简介

    由于1989/1990年度惠特布莱德环球赛的赛道发生了变化，要求参赛队使用一种不同的赛艇。此时，彼得·布莱克爵士又一次从他的航海经验和知识中汲取灵感，创造了斯坦格拉格二号。船员的挑选方面则不仅要求在航海方面的卓越能力，而且船员须拥有比赛所需所有的技能和专业知识，还能为这艘船的设计提供有价值的知识和建议。这些船员所拥有的高技能，使他们在海上航行时能够修理和维护船上所有的器件。

斯坦纳格二号帆船的大部分设计都是基于六十英尺的三体船斯坦纳格一号的基础上进行。斯坦纳格一号的建造就使用了新的造船材料和技术，而这种建造方法在彼得·布莱克爵士和迈克·奎尔特驾驶着船在澳大利亚周边航行时得到了检验。

布莱克爵士委托在美国的新西兰游艇设计师布鲁斯·法尔（Bruce Farr）设计斯坦纳格二号。船体的基础结构设计与参加惠特布莱德环球赛的其他四艘船相同。基本设计完成后，布莱克提出了根据团队的需要对船进行修改，要求船要尽可能长，同时还要遵守规则（船体越长，航速越快）。而当满载时，船必须易于操纵并能良好地跟踪，而且一定是双桅帆船。

然而，布莱克爵士不满意由Farr办公室提供的一个与Grant Daltons的作品非常相似的外观设计方案。最后一刻的改变建立一个部分的装备。这使得为了平衡负载，船会更长，因此航速会更快。在保密方面，斯坦纳格二号团队则尽力向其他团队隐藏了船的设计信息，直到其他团队都来不及做任何进一步的相应变动。

    英国著名的Fastnet竞赛将成为这一新设计的试验场，这也是该船首次与其他惠特布莱德船队进行对抗。斯坦纳格二号在顺风方向的速度非常快，船速也非常快。这是斯坦纳格二号及船员们多次获胜中的第一次胜利，但却是最令人满意的胜利，因为它证明了他们的设计是正确的。

1989/1990年度惠特布莱德环球赛

    斯坦纳格二号和惊人的水手们继续赢得了比赛中所有六个赛段前所未有过的全胜，不仅赢得了单项障碍赛，而且赢得了团体总成绩荣誉。

Steinlager 2

Due to race course changes for the 1989/90 Whitbread, a different kind of yacht was called for and again Sir Peter Blake drew from his experience and knowledge of sailing to create Steinlager2.  The crew were chosen not only for their excellence in sailing but between them had all the skills and expertise to contribute valuable knowledge and input to the design of this yacht.  Such were their skills that they were able to repair and maintain absolutely everything on board while at sea. 

Much of the design for Steinlager2 was based around the 60ft trimaran Steinlager1. Steinlager1 was built using materials and techniques that were new to boat building and the construction method was tested when Sir Peter Blake and Mike Quilter sailed the boat around Australia. 

Blake commissioned the US based New Zealand Yacht Designer, Bruce Farr to design Steinlager2. The base design was the same as four other boats entering the Whitbread.  Once the basic design was done, Blake came forward with the changes that the team would require for their boat.

The yacht was to be as long as possible while still complying with the rules (the longer the boat the faster it will go)
The yacht must be easily steered and track well when fully under load.
The yacht must be a ketch rig.

The Farr office delivered a design that looked very similar to Grant Daltons entry and Blake was not happy.  Last minute changes called for a fractional rig set up.  Meaning in order to balance out the loads the boat would be longer and therefore faster.  The Steinlager2 team went to great lengths to hide the boats design from the other syndicates until it was too late for any of them to make any further changes.

The famous Fastnet Race in England was to be the testing grounds for this new design and the first time the boat would be up against most of the other Whitbread fleet.  Steinlager2 proved very fast downwind and the yacht proved very fast - this was to be the first of many wins for Steinlager2 and her crew - but this was the most satisfying win of all as it proved that what they had designed was right.

1989/90 WHITBREAD AROUND THE WORLD RACE

Steinlager2 and her amazing sailors went on to win an unprecedented full sweep of all six legs of the race. Never had this been done before. Not only winning on their handicap but winning overall honours as well.

NZ SAILING HEROES - THE STEINLAGER 2 CREW

Sir Peter Blake - Tony Rae - Ross Field - Glenn Sowry - Godfrey Cray - Martin Ford - Mike Quilter - Dean Phipps - Graham Fleury - Kevin Shoebridge - Don Wright - Brad Butterworth - Mark Orams - Craig Watson - Barry McKay - Cole Sheehan

原创编译：新西兰携舟网CEO 黄伟雄。
转载请书面联系wayne@seenet.co.nz 授权